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WOMEN IN THE ARTS IN EARLY MODERN
EUROPE
1490-1700
- Women and Power
- The Monarch: Empresses and Queens
The Warrior Woman: Amazons, Knights,
and National Heroines
The Woman of Mythic Power: Goddesses,
Gorgons, and Fairy Queens
The Ideal of Chastity: Heroic Virgins,
Chaste Wives, and Victims of Rape
- Women and Knowledge
- The Learned Lady: Courtiers, Scientists, and Translators
The ProtoFeminist: The Querelle des Femmes Tradition
- Women and Art
- The Actor: Women in the Theater
The Artist: Self-Portraits in Art
The Author: Self-Fashioning through Literature
The Muse: Idealized Love and the Petrarchan Tradition
The Musician: Composers and Performers
The Patron of the Arts
- Women and Religion
- Biblical Typology: Eve, Mary, and Mary Magdalen
The Spiritual Pilgrim: Preachers, Nuns, Martyrs, and Saints
- Women and Family Life
- The Wife and Mother
The Daughter and Sister
The Maidservant
Friendships among Women
- Women and Transgression
- The Cross-Dressed Woman
The Temptress: Courtesans and Prostitutes
The Conspirator and the Criminal
The Witch
- WOMEN AND POWER
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- THE MONARCH:
EMPRESSES AND QUEENS
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- PRIMARY MATERIALS
- Drama and Performance
- Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke (England, 1561-1621). Cleopatra
in The Tragedy of Antonie. 1590. Renaissance Drama
by Women: Texts and Documents. Ed. S. P. Cerasano and Marion
Wynne-Davies. London: Routledge, 1996.
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- Christopher Marlowe (England, 1564-1593). Dido in Dido, Queen
of Carthage. 1594.
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- Elizabeth Cary, Viscountess of Falkland (England, 1585-1639).
Mariam in The Tragedy of Mariam, the Fair Queen of Jewry.
1603-4. Ed. Barry Weller and Margaret Ferguson. Berkeley: U of
California P, 1994.
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- Ben Jonson (England, 1572-1637). Queen Anne as participant
in The Masque of Blackness and The Masque of Queens.
1605 and 1609.
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- William Shakespeare (England, 1564-1616). Cleopatra in Antony
and Cleopatra, 1606.
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- Katherine Philips (England, 1632-64) Cleopatra in Pompey.
A Tragedy. 1663. Available online through the Brown University
Women Writers Project, www.wwp.brown.edu
.
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- Jean Racine (France, 1639-1699). Esther. 1689.
- Painting and Sculpture
- Juan de Flandes and Michael Sittow (Hispano-Flemish, late
15th c.), Polyptych Altarpiece of Queen Isabella, includes
portraits of Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand of Aragon, commissioned
by the Queen, ca. 1496 (Washington, D.C., National Gallery of
Art, and Madrid, Palacio Real).
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- Nicholas Hilliard and various artists (England, 16th c.),
portraits of Queen Elizabeth: Ermine Portrait at the Hatfield
House; Coronation Portrait and Rainbow Portrait, in Frances Yates,
The Imperial Theme in the Sixteenth Century. London: Routledge
and Kegan Paul, 1975.
-
- Sofonisba Anguissola (Italian, 1532-1625), portraits of Isabella
of Valois, Queen of Spain, 1560s.
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- Antoine Caron (French, late 16th c.), Life of Queen Artemisia,
1560s (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale).
-
- Lavinia Fontana (Italian, 1552-1614), Cleopatra, ca. 1585
(Rome, Galleria Spada); The Visit of the Queen of Sheba to Solomon,
ca. 1598-1600 (Dublin, National Gallery of Ireland).
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- Artemisia Gentileschi (Rome and Florence, 1593-1652/53, ),
Minerva (Anne of Austria?), ca. 1615 (Florence, Soprintendenza
alle Gallerie); Cleopatra, 1621-22 (Milan, Amedeo Morandori).
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- Anthony van Dyck (Flemish, active in England, 1599-1641),
portraits of Queen Henrietta Maria of England, 1630s.
- Poetry and Prose
- Jeanne d'Albret (Navarre, 1528-1572). Letters and other published
works in Queen of Navarre: Jeanne d'Albret, 1528-1572.
Ed. Nancy L. Roelker. Cambridge, Belknap Press of Harvard U Press,
1968.
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- Anne Dowriche (England, d. 1638). Catherine de'Medici
in The French History. 1589. Women Poets of the Renaissance.
Ed. Marion Wynne-Davies. New York: Routledge, 1999.
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- Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke (England, 1561-1621). "To
the Thrice-Sacred Queen Elizabeth." 1599.
- Elizabeth I, Queen of England (England, 1533-1603)."On
Mary, Queen of Scots." 1586. "The Golden Speech."
1601. Elizabeth I: Collected Works. Ed. Leah Marcus and Mary
Beth Rose. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2000.
- Diana Primrose (England, mid 17th century). Elizabeth I in
A Chain of Pearl. 1630. Women Poets of the Renaissance.
Ed. Marion Wynne-Davies. New York: Routledge, 1999.
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- Anne Bradstreet (England/English colonies, 1612-72). "In
Honor of that High and Mighty Princess Queen Elizabeth of Happy
Memory. " 1650. Women Poets of the Renaissance. Ed.
Marion Wynne-Davies. New York: Routledge, 1999.
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- Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle (England, 1623-73).
The Empress in The Blazing World. 1666. Ed. Kate Lilly.
London: Penguin, 1994.
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- Marie Madeleine de Lafayette (France, 1634-93). Elizabeth
I of England in The Princess of Clèves. 1678. Ed.
John D. Lyons. New York: Norton, 1994.
-
-
- SECONDARY RESOURCES
- Books and Articles
- On Catherine de'Medici:
ffolliott, Sheila. "Casting a Rival into the Shade: Catherine
de'Medici and Diane de Poitiers." Art Journal 48/2
(1989): 138-43.
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- ---. "Catherine de'Medici as Artemisia: Figuring the
Powerful Widow." Rewriting the Renaissance: The Discourses
of Sexual Difference in Early Modern Europe. Eds. Margaret
W. Ferguson, Maureen Quilligan, and Nancy J. Vickers. Chicago:
U of Chicago P, 1986. 227-41.
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- On Jeanne d'Albret:
- Bryson, David. Queen Jeanne and the Promised Land: Dynasty,
Homeland, Religion and Violence in Sixteenth-Century France.
Boston: Brill, 1999.
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- Roelker, Nancy L. Queen of Navarre: Jeanne d'Albret, 1528-1572.
Cambridge, Belknap Press of Harvard U Press, 1968.
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- On the French/Spanish alliance,
17th century:
- Carroll, Margaret D. "The Erotics of Absolutism: Rubens
and the Mystification of Sexual Violence." The Expanding
Discourse: Feminism and Art History. Eds. N. Broude and M.
Garrard. New York: HarperCollins, 1992. 138-59.
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- On theater:
- Andrea, Bernadette, "Black Skin, The Queen's Masque:
Africanist Ambivalence and Feminine Author(ity) in the Masque
of Blackness and Beauty." English Literary Renaissance
(1999) vol 29, no 2, 246-281.
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- Howard, Jean E. "Women as Spectators, Spectacles, and
Paying Customers." Staging the Renaissance: Reinterpretations
of Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama. Ed. David Scott Kastan
and Peter Stallybrass. London: Routledge 1991. 68-74.
-
- Mueller, Janel, "Queen Elizabeth I." Teaching Tudor
and Stuart Women Writers. Ed. Susanne Woods and Margaret P. Hannay.
New York: MLA, 2000. 119-126.
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- Wynne-Davies, Marion. "The Queen's Masque: Renaissance
Women and the Seventeenth-Century Court Masque." Gloriana's
Face : Women, Public and Private, in the English Renaissance.
Ed. S.P. Cerasano and Marion Wynne-Davies. NY: Harvester, 1992.
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- Veeves, Eric. Images of Love and Religion: Queen Henrietta
Maria and Court Entertainers. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1985.
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- On Tudor and Stuart literature
and portraiture:
Eggert, Katherine. Showing Like a Queen: Female Authority and
Literary Experiment in Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton.
Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 2000.
Howarth, David. Images of Rule: Art and Politics in the English
Renaissance, 1485-1649. Berkeley: U California P, 1997.
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- Langley. T. R. Image Government: Monarchical Metamorphosis
in English Literature and Art, 1649-1702. Ithaca: Dusquesne
UP, 2002.
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- Strong, Roy. The Cult of Elizabeth: Elizabethan Portraiture
and Pageantry. London: Thames and Hudson, 1977.
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- Film and Video
- Anne Boleyn in Anne of the Thousand Days (United States,
1969). Director: Charles Jarrott. With Richard Burton, Genevieve
Bujold.
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- Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves,
Katherine Howard, Catherine Parr in The Six Wives of Henry
VIII (BBC video series, England, 1970). Various directors.
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- Catherine de'Medici and Margaret of Valois in Queen Margot
(France, 1994). Director: Patrice Chéreau. With Isabelle
Adjani.
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- Christina of Sweden in Queen Christina (United States,
1933). Director: Rouben Mamoulian. With Greta Garbo.
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- Elizabeth I in Elizabeth (England, 1998). Director:
Shekhar Kapur. With Kate Blanchett, Geoffrey Rush.
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- Elizabeth I in Elizabeth R (BBC video series, England,
1971). Various directors. With Glenda Jackson.
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- Jane Grey in Lady Jane (England, 1985). Director:
Trevor Nunn. With Helena Bonham Carter.
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- Isabella I of Spain in 1492: The Conquest of Paradise
(Spain/England/France/United States, 1992). Director: Ridley
Scott. With Sigourney Weaver, Gérard Depardieu.
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- THE WARRIOR WOMAN:
AMAZONS, KNIGHTS, AND NATIONAL HEROINES
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- PRIMARY MATERIALS
- Drama and Performance
- William Shakespeare (England, 1564-1616). Joan de Pucelle
in Henry VI Part 1, 1589-90; Hippolyta in A Midsummer Night's
Dream, 1595-6.
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- Elizabeth Cary, Viscountess of Falkland (England, 1585-1639).
Mariam in The Tragedy of Mariam, the Fair Queen of Jewry.
1603-4. Ed. Barry Weller and Margaret Ferguson. Berkeley: U of
California P, 1994.
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- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (Spanish colonies, 1648/51?-1695).
América in The Loa for the Divine Narcissus. 1688.
Ed. and trans. Patricia Peters and Renée Domeier. Albuquerque:
U of New Mexico P, 1998.
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- Painting and Sculpture
- Giorgio Vasari (Italian, 1511-1574), Judith and Holofernes,
1554.
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- Lavinia Fontana (Italian, 1552-1614), Judith and Holofernes,
ca. 1595 (London, Walpole Art Gallery); Judith and Holofernes,
1600 (Bologna, Museo Davia Bargellini).
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- Caravaggio (Italian, 1573-1610), Judith and Holofernes, ca.
1605
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- Artemisia Gentileschi (Rome, Florence, 1612-25). Judith Slaying
Holofernes, 1612-13 (Naples, Museo di Capodimonte); Judith and
her Maidservant, ca. 1613-14 (Florence, Palazzo Pitti); Judith
and her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes, ca. 1625 (Detroit,
Institute of Arts).
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- Peter Paul Rubens (Flanders, 1557-1640). Battle of the Amazons.
1618-20. (Bayerische Staatsgemaldesammlungen, Munich, Germany).
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- Elisabetta Sirani (Italian, 1638-1665), Judith with the Head
of Holofernes, reproduction available at < www.italian-art.org/women/artists/sirani/>.
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- Poetry and Prose
- Ludovico Ariosto (Italy 1474-1533). Bradamante in Orlando
Furioso. 1516.
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- Torquato Tasso (Italy 1544-95). Clorinda in Jerusalem
Delivered. 1581.
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- Edmund Spenser (England, 1552-99). Britomart and the Amazons
in The Faerie Queene. 1580-96.
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- Elizabeth I, Queen of England (England, 1533-1603). "Speech
to the Troops at Tilbury." 1588. Elizabeth I: Collected
Works. Ed. Leah Marcus and Mary Beth Rose. Chicago: U of
Chicago P, 2000.
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- Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle (England, 1623-73).
The Empress in The Blazing World. 1666. Ed. Kate Lilly.
London: Penguin, 1994.
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- Anne Killigrew (England, 1660-85). The Amazons in "Alexandreis,"
published 1686.
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- SECONDARY RESOURCES
- Books and Articles
- Callaghan, Dympna. "Re-reading Elizabeth Cary's The
Tragedy of Mariam." Woman, "Race" and Writing
in the Early Modern Period. Ed. Margo Hendricks and Patricia
Parker. New York & London: Routledge, 1995. 163-77.
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- Ciletti, Elena. "Patriarchal Ideology in the Renaissance
Iconography of Judith." Refiguring Woman: Perspectives
on Gender and the Italian Renaissance. Ed. Marilyn Migiel
and Juliana Schiesari. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1991.
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- Dixon, Annette. Women Who Ruled: Queens, Goddesses, Amazons
in Renaissance and Baroque Art. New York: Merrill, 2002.
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- Even, Yael. "The Loggia dei Lanzi: A Showcase for Female
Subjugation." The Expanding Discourse: Feminism and Art
History. Ed. N. Broude and M. Garrard, New York: HarperCollins,
1992. 126-37.
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- Orgel, Stephen. "Jonson and the Amazons." Soliciting
Interpretation: Literary Theory and Seventeenth-Century English
Poetry. Ed. Elizabeth Harvey and Katherine Eisaman Maus.
Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1990. 119-139.
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- THE WOMAN OF MYTHIC
POWER:
GODDESSES, GORGONS, AND FAIRY QUEENS
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- PRIMARY MATERIALS
- Drama and Performance
- William Shakespeare (England, 1564-1616). Titania in A Midsummer
Night's Dream, 1595-6.
- Mary Wroth (England, 1587-1651). Venus in Love's Victory.
1620. Renaissance Drama by Women: Texts and Documents. Ed. S.
P. Cerasano and Marion Wynne-Davies. London: Routledge, 1996
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- Painting and Sculpture
- Aphrodite/Venus
Giorgione (Italian, 1477/78-1510). Sleeping Venus. c.1508 (Dresden
Gallery, Dresden, Germany).
- Lorenzo (Italian, 1480-1556), Venus and Cupid (Metropolitan
Museum of Art, New York).
- Nicolas Poussin (France, 1594-1665). The Sleeping Venus and
Cupid. c. 1630 (Dresden Gallery, Dresden, Germany).
- Peter Paul Rubens. Venus at a Mirror. c.1615 (Sammlung Fürst
von Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein).
- Titian (Italian, 1490-1576), Venus Anadyomene. c.1520 (National
Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh); Venus of Urbino. 1538 (Galleria
degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy); Venus with a Mirror. c.1555 (National
Gallery of Art, Washington); Venus and Adonis. 1553-1554 (Museo
del Prado, Madrid); Venus and Cupid with an Organist. c.1548
(Museo del Prado, Madrid).
- Artemis/Diana
Correggio. Diana. c.1519 (San Paolo Camera, Parma, Italy).
- Jan Vermeer. Diana and Her Companions. c.1655-1656 (Mauritshuis,
the Hague, Netherlands).
- Titian (Italian, 1490-1576), Diana and Callisto. 1556-1559
(National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh); Diana and Actaeon.
1556-1559 (National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh)
- Nicholas (France, 1594-1665). Diana and Endymion. c. 1630
( Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit).
- Athena/Minerva
Andrea Mantegna. Minerva Chases the Vices from the Garden of
Virtue. c. 1502 (Louvre, Paris, France).
- Ceres
Jacob Jordaens (Flemish 1593-1678 ). An Offering to Ceres (Museo
del Prado, Madrid, Spain).
- Peter Paul Rubens. The Statue of Ceres. c.1615 (The Hermitage,
St. Petersburg, Russia).
- Flora
Giuseppe Arcimboldo (Milan, Vienna, Prague, 1527-1593) Flora.
c.1591 (Private collection, Paris, France).
- Titian (Italian, 1490-1576). Flora. c.1515-1520 (Galleria
degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy).
- Medusa
Caravaggio (Italian, 1573-1610). Medusa. c.1598. Oil on canvas.
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy
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- Poetry and Prose
- Edmund Spenser (England, 1552-99). Gloriana in The Faerie
Queene. 1580-1596.
- William Shakespeare (England, 1564-1616). Venus in Venus
and Adonis. 1592-1593.
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- SECONDARY RESOURCES
- Books and Articles
- Dixon, Annette. Women Who Ruled: Queens, Goddesses, Amazons
in Renaissance and Baroque Art. New York: Merrill, 2002.
- Thomson, Leslie. Fortune: "all is but fortune."
Washington, D.C.: Folger Shakespeare Library, 2000.
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- Film and Video
- Titania in A Midsummer Night's Dream (United States, 1998).
Director: Michael Hoffman. With Michelle Pfeiffer, Kevin Kline.
- Titania in A Midsummer Night's Dream (England, 1998). Director:
Trevor Nunn.
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- Internet Sites
- Mataev, Olga and Helen Mataev. Olga's Gallery. Reproductions
of mythological characters in Early Modern paintings can be viewed
at this site: <www.abcgallery.com/mythindex.html>.
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- THE IDEAL OF CHASTITY:
HEROIC VIRGINS, CHASTE WIVES, AND VICTIMS OF RAPE
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- PRIMARY MATERIALS
- Drama and Performance
- Jane Lumley (England, 16th Century). Iphigenia in her translation
of Euripedes' Iphigenia at Aulis. C. 1550.
- Leone de' Sommi (Italy, 1527-1592), The role of Bruria who
is raped in order to be considered married in A Comedy of Betrothal
(Tsahoth B'dihutha D'Kiddushin in the original Hebrew text).
C. 1561-1567. Trans. Alfred S. Golding. Carleton Renaissance
Plays in Translation Series. Ottawa: Dovehouse, 1988.
- Isabella Andreini (Venice, 1562-1604). The averted rape of
the nymph in La Mirtilla. 1588. Women Poets of the Italian Renaissance.
Ed. Stortoni and Lillie. New York: Italica, 1997. 221-248.
- John Lyly (England, 1554-1606). Gallatea and Phillida in
Gallatea. 1593-4.
- William Shakespeare (England, 1564-1616). Lavinia in Titus
Androncus, 1593-4; Marina in Pericles, 1607-8.
- John Milton (England, 1608-74). The Lady in Comus: A Masque.
1634.
- Jean Racine (France, 1639-1677). Andromache. 1667.
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- Painting and Sculpture
- Marcantonio Raimondi, after Raphael (Italian, 16th c.), Lucretia,
ca. 1510-11 (engraving).
- Correggio (Italian, 1494-1534), Jupiter and Io, early 1530s
(Vienna, Kunsthistorisches).
- Lorenzo Lotto (Italian, 1480-1556), Lucretia , ca. 1533 (London,
National Gallery).
- Tintoretto (Italian, 1518-1594), Susanna and the Elders ,
1555-56 (Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum).
- Titian (Italian, 1490-1576), Rape of Europe , 1559-62 (Boston,
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum).
- Giambologna (Franco-Italian, 1524-1608), Rape of the Sabine
Woman , 1583 (Florence, Loggia della Signoria).
- Artemisia Gentileschi (Rome and Florence, 1593-1652/53),
Susanna and the Elders , 1610 (Pommersfelden, Schloss Weissenstein);
Lucretia , ca. 1621 (Genoa, Palazzo Cattanneo-Adorno)
- Anthony Van Dyck (Flemish, active in England, 1599-1641).
Susanna and the Elders. 1621-3.
- Christian van Couwenberg (Dutch, 17th c.), Rape Scene, 1632
(Strasbourg, Musée des Beaux-Arts)
- Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish), Susanna and the Elders , 1636-40
(Munich, Alte Pinakothek)
- Rembrandt (Dutch, 1606-1669), Susanna and the Elders, 1647
(Berlin, Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz)
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- Poetry and Prose
- Ludovico Ariosto (Italy 1474-1533). Angelica and Olimpia
in Orlando Furioso.
1516.
- Marguerite de Navarre (France, 1492-1549) Heptameron. 1558.
Trans. P.A. Chilton. Penguin, 1984.
- Edmund Spenser (England, 1552-99). Alma in The Faerie Queene.
1580-96.
- William Shakespeare (England, 1564-1616). Lucrece in The
Rape of Lucrece. 1593-4.
- Diana Primrose (England, mid 17th century). Chastity in A
Chain of Pearl. 1630. Women Poets of the Renaissance. Ed. Marion
Wynne-Davies. New York: Routledge, 1999.
- Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle (England, 1623-73).
Assaulted and Pursued Chastity. 1656. Blazing World and Other
Writings. Ed. Kate Lilly. London: Penguin, 1994.
- Marie Madeleine de Lafayette (France, 1634-93). The Princess
of Clèves. 1678. Ed. John D. Lyons. New York: Norton,
1994.
-
-
- SECONDARY RESOURCES
- Books and Articles
- Berry, Philippa. Of Chastity and Power: Elizabethan Literature
and the Unmarried Queen. New York: Routledge, 1989.
Catty, Jocelyn. Writing Rape, Writing Women in Early Modern England:
Unbridled Speech. New York: Palgrave, 1999.
- Cavanagh, Sheila. Wanton Eyes and Chaste Desires: Female
Sexuality in The Faerie Queene. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1994.
- Cholakian, Patricia F. Rape and Writing in the Heptameron
of Marguerite de Navarre. Southern Illinois University Press,
1991.
- Hull, Suzanne. Chaste, Silent and Obedient: English Books
for Women 1465-1640. San Marino: Huntington Library, 1988.
- Jankowski, Theodora. Pure Resistance : Queer Virginity in
Early Modern Drama. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 2000.
- ---. "Where There Can Be No Cause of Affection: Redefining
Virgins, Their Desires, and Their Pleasures in John Lyly's Gallathea."
Feminist Readings of Early Modern Culture. Ed. Valerie Traub,
Lindsay Kaplan, and Dympna Callahan. Cambridge: Cambridge UP,
1996.
- Jed, Stephanie. Chaste Thinking: The Rape of Lucretia and
the Birth of Humanism. Indiana UP, 1989.
- Levine, Laura. "Rape, Repetition, and the Politics of
Closure in Midsummer Night's Dream." Feminist Readings of
Early Modern Culture. Ed. Valerie Traub, Lindsay Kaplan, and
Dympna Callahan. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996.
- Loughlin, Marie. Hymeneutics : Interpreting Virginity on
the Early Modern Stage. Bucknell UP, 1997.
- Polachek, Dora E. Ed. Heroic Virtue and Comic Infidelity:
Reassessing Marguerite de Navarre's Heptameron. 1994.
- Rose, Christine and Elizabeth Robertson, eds. Representing
Rape in Medieval and Early Modern Literature. New York: Palgrave,
2001.
- Tetel, Marcel. Marguerite de Navarre's Heptameron: Themes,
Language and Structure. Ed. John D. Lyons. New York: Norton,
1994.
- Welles, Marcia. Persephone's Girdle: Narratives of Rape in
Seventeenth Century Spanish Literature. Nashville: Vanderbilt
UP, 2000.
- Wolfthal, Diane. Images of Rape: The "Heroic" Tradition
and its Alternatives. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.
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- Film and Video
- A Reputation: The Rape of Artemisia Gentileschi (England,
1994). BBC docudrama based on transcripts from the 1612 rape
trial.
- Lavinia in Titus (United States, 2000). Director: Julie Taymor.
With Anthony Hopkins.
- WOMEN AND KNOWLEDGE
-
-
- THE LEARNED LADY:
COURTIERS, SCIENTISTS, AND TRANSLATORS
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- PRIMARY MATERIALS
- Drama and Performance
- Marguerite de Navarre (France, 1492-1549). Theatre Profane.
Trans. Regine Reynolds-Cornell. Carleton Renaissance Plays in
Translation 25. Ottawa: Dovehouse, 1992.
- Flaminio Scala (Italy, 17th century) "Isabella, the
Astrologer, Comedy." 1611. Scenarios of the Commedia dell'Arte:
Flaminio Scala's Teatro delle Favole Rappresentative. Trans.
Henry Salerno. New York: Limelights, 1996. 265-274.
- Jane Cavendish (England, 1621-69) and Elizabeth Brackley
(England, 1616-63). The Concealed Fancies. 1645 Renaissance Drama
by Women: Texts and Documents. Ed. S. P. Cerasano and Marion
Wynne-Davies. London: Routledge, 1996.
- Molière/Jean Baptiste Poquelin (France, 1622-73).
Les Précieuses Ridicules, 1659; Les Femmes Savantes, 1672.
- Madame de Villedieu/Marie-Catherine Desjardins (France),
The Favourite Minister (Le Favori), based on Tirso de Molina's
El Amor y el Amistad. 1665. The Lunatic Lover and Other Plays
by French Women of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries.
Ed. Perry Gethner. Portsmouth: Heinemann, 1994.
- Francoise Biancolelli in the role of Isabelle in Isabelle
Medecin. 1685 performance. Biancolelli performed the role of
a disguised physician as part of the Comediens Italiens troupe
stationed in Paris. Le Theatre Italien. Vol I. Paris: Cusson
et Witte, 1700. Available in French.
-
- Painting and Sculpture
- Sebastiano del Piombo (Venetian active in Rome, 1485-1547).
Various portraits of noblewomen and women writers/readers, early
16th c.
- Agnolo Bronzino (Florence, 1503-72). Portraits of noblewomen.
- Anonymous Italian medalist, Portrait Medals of Vittoria Colonna,
early 16th c. (Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art, and
Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum).
- Raphael (Italian, 1483-1520), Philosophy, 1509-1511 (ceiling
tondo, Vaticano, Stanza della Segnatura, Rome).
- Michelangelo (Italian, 1475-1564), Sibyls, Sistine Chapel
Ceiling, 1508-12 (Rome, Vatican).
- Anthony Van Dyck (Flemish, active in England, 1599-1641).
Portraits of noblewomen.
- Elisabetta Sirani (Italian, 1638-1665), Sibyl , 1660 (Bologna,
Pinacoteca Nazionale).
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- Poetry and Prose
- Cassandra Fedele (Venice, 1465-1558). Philosophical discussions
in Letters and Orations. Ed. & trans. Diane Robin. The Other
Voice in Early Modern Europe. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2000.
- Baldesarre Castiglione (Italy, 1478-1529). The Book of the
Courtier. 1528.
- Elizabeth I (England , 1533-1603). Translation of Marguerite
de Navarre's Miroir de l'ame pecheresse into prose. 1544. Facsimile
and modern spelling transcription in Elizabeth's Glass. Marc
Shell. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1993.
- Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle (England, 1623-73).
Dialogues between the Empress and court scientists in The Blazing
World. 1666. Ed. Kate Lilly. London: Penguin, 1994.
- Anne Conway (England, 1631-79). The Principles of the Most
Ancient and Modern Philosophy. 1679. Ed. Taylor Course and Allison
Coudert. Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy. Cambridge:
Cambridge UP, 1996.
- Mary Astell (England, 1668-1731). A Serious Proposal to the
Ladies. 1696. Mary Astell: Political Writings. Ed. Patricia Springborg.
Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Cambridge:
Cambridge UP, 1996.
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (Spanish colonies, 1648/51?-1695).
Self-portrait as a scientist in La Repuesta de Sor Filotea. 1700.
Poems, Protest, and a Dream. Ed. And trans. Margaret Peden. London:
Penguin, 1997.
- Madeleine de Scudéry (France, 1607-1701). Conversations.
- Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke (England, 1561-1621). Translations
of the Psalms. Isabella Whitney, Mary Sidney, and Aemilia Lanyer:
Renaissance Women Poets. Ed. Danielle Clark. London: Penguin,
2000.
- Rachel Speght (England, 1598-1630). A Dream. 1621. The Polemics
and Poems of Rachel Speght. Ed. Barbara Lewalski. Oxford: Oxford
UP, 1996.
-
- SECONDARY RESOURCES
- Books and Articles
- On philosophers and polymaths:
Fallon, Stephen. " Milton and Anne Conway." In Milton
among the Philosophers: Poetry and Materialism in Seventeenth-Century
England. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1991. 111-36.
- Merchant, Caroline. "The Vitalism of Anne Conway: Its
Impact on Leibniz's Concept of the Monad." Journal of the
History of Philosophy 17 (1979): 255-69.
- Och, Marjorie. "Portrait Medals of Vittoria Colonna:
Representing the Learned Woman." Women as Sites of Culture:
Women's Roles in Cultural Formation From the Renaissance to the
20th Century. Ed. S. Shifrin. Aldershot, Ashgate, 2002.
- Smith, Hilda, Reason's Disciples: Seventeenth-Century English
Feminists. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1982.
- On scientists:
Harris, Frances. "Living in the Neighborhood of Science:
Mary Evelyn, Margaret Cavendish, and the Greshamites." Women,
Science and Medicine, 1500-1700: Mothers and Sisters of the Royal
Society. Ed. Lynette Hunter and Sarah Hutton. London: Sutton
Publishing Co., 1997. 198-217
- Hutton, Sarah. "Anne Conway, Margaret Cavendish and
Seventeenth-Century Scientific Thought." Women, Science
and Medicine, 1500-1700: Mothers and Sisters of the Royal Society.
Ed. Lynette Hunter and Sarah Hutton. London: Sutton Publishing
Co., 1997. 218-34.
- Merchant, Caroline. The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology,
and the Scientific Revolution. San Francisco: Harper, 1983.
- Sobel, Dava. Galileo's Daughter: A Historical Memoir of Science,
Faith, and Love. New York: Penguin, 2000.
- On translators:
Hannay, Margaret Patterson, ed. Silent But for the Word: Tudor
Women as Patrons, Translators, and Writers of Religious Works.
Kent. OH: Kent State UP, 1985.
- Krontiris, Tina. Oppositional Voices: Women as Writers and
Translators of Literature in the English Renaissance. London:
Chatto, 1992.
-
- Film and Video
- Les Femmes Savantes (France, 1998). Director: Georges Bensousson.
The Molière Collection by La Comédie Francaise.
Available through Films for the Humanities & Sciences.
- Les Préciouses Ridicules (France, 1997). Director:
Georges Bensousson. The Molière Collection by La Comédie
Francaise. Available through Films for the Humanities & Sciences.
-
-
-
-
- THE PROTOFEMINIST:
THE QUERELLE DES FEMMES TRADITION
-
- PRIMARY MATERIALS
- Drama and Performance
- Madame de Villedieu/Marie-Catherine Desjardins (France, 17th
century), The Favourite Minister. 1665. The Lunatic Lover and
Other Plays by French Women of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth
Centuries. Ed. Perry Gethner. Portsmouth: Heinemann, 1994.
- Moliere/Jean Baptiste Poquelin, The Learned Ladies. 1672.
- Du *** (attributed to Du Fresney, "Colombine Avocat
Pour et Contre" (Columbina advocate for and against). Published
in Paris, 1741. Le Theatre Italien. Ed. Evarisate Gherardi. Geneva:
Slatkine, 1969. I: 291-378. Available in French.
-
- Poetry and Prose: Writings Defending Women
- Laura Cereta, (Italy, 1469-99). Collected Letters of a Renaissance
Feminist. Ed. & trans. Diana Robin. The Other Voice in Early
Modern Europe. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1997.
- Juan Luis Vives (Spain, 1492-1540). The Education of a Christian
Woman. 1524. Ed. & trans. Charles Fantazzi. The Other Voice
in Early Modern Europe. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2000.
Baldesarre Castiglione (Italy, 1478-1529). The Book of the Courtier.
1528.
- Henricus Cornelius Agrippa (Cologne, 1486-1535). Declamation
on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sex. 1529. Ed.
& trans. Albert Rabil, Jr. The Other Voice in Early Modern
Europe. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1996.
- Helisenne de Crenne/Marguerite de Briet (France, d. after
1552). A Renaissance Woman: Helisenne's Personal and Invective
Letters. 1539. Ed. & trans. Marianna M. Mustacchi and Paul
J. Archambault. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse UP, 1986.
- Leone de' Sommi (Italian, 16th century). "In Defense
of Women/ Magen Nashim," a bilingual poem in combined Italian
and Hebrew dedicated to Hannah Rieti of the Jewish community.
C. 1556.
- Marguerite de Navarre (France, 1492-1549). Heptameron. 1558.
Trans. P.A. Chilton. New York: Penguin, 1984.
- Moderata Fonte (Venice, 1555-92). The Worth of Women. 1592.
Ed. & trans. Virginia Cox. The Other Voice in Early Modern
Europe. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1997.
- Lucrezia Marinella, (Venice, 1571-1653). The Nobility and
Excellence of Women and the Defects and Vices of Men. 1600. Ed.
& trans. Anne Dunhill. The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe.
Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2000.
- Giovan Battista Andreini (Italy, son of Isabella Andreini).
La Ferza: Defense of the Actress. 1625.
- Marie De Gournay (France, 1565-1645). The Equality of Men
and Women. Apology of the Woman Writing and Other Works. Ed.
& trans. Richard Hillman and Colette Quisnel. The Other Voice
in Early Modern Europe. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2000.
- Anna Maria van Schurman, (Netherlands, 1607-78). Whether
a Christian Woman Should Be Educated.1659. Ed. & trans. Joyce
Irwin. The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe. Chicago: U of
Chicago P, 1998.
- Margaret Cavendish, Female Orations. 1662. Paper Bodies:
A Margaret Cavendish Redaer. Ed. Sylvia Bowerback and Sara Mendelson.
London: Broadview, 2000.
- Bathusa Reginald Makin (England, 1600-1675?). An Essay to
Revive the Antient Education of Gentlewomen. 1673. Augustan Reprint
Society, 1980.
- Marie Madeleine de Scudéry (France, 1607-1701). Illustrious
Women.
- Arcangela Tarabotti, (Italy, 1604-1652). On Paternal Tyranny.
- François Poullain de La Barre (France, 17th century).
The Equality of the Two Sexes. Wayne State University Press;
1988.
- Mary Astell (England, 1668-1731). A Serious Proposal to the
Ladies. 1696. Mary Astell: Political Writings. Ed. Patricia Springborg.
Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Cambridge:
Cambridge UP, 1996.
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (Spanish colonies, 1648/51?-1695).
Defense of women's education in La Repuesta de Sor Filotea. 1700.
Poems, Protest, and A Dream. Ed. & trans. Margaret Peden.
London: Penguin, 1997.
-
-
- SECONDARY RESOURCES
- Books and Articles
- King , Margaret and Albert J. Rabil, Jr., Introduction to
The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe. Series. U of Chicago
p.
- Malcolmson, Christine and Mihoko Suzuki, eds. Debating Gender
in Early Modern England, 1500-1700. New York: Palgrave, 2002.
-
- Films and Videos
- I, the Worst of All (Argentina, 1990). Director: María
Luisa Bemberg. Drama based on the life of Sor Juana Inés
de la Cruz.
-
- WOMEN AND ART
-
-
- THE ACTOR:
WOMEN ON STAGE
-
- PRIMARY MATERIALS
- Drama and Performance
- Isabella Andreini (Venice, 1562-1604). Collected Letters
(Italy). Published posthumously by her husband, Francesco Andreini,
in 1607. See also "The Madness of Isabella," a scenario
in Scenarios of the Commedia Dell'Arte: Flaminos Scala's Il Teatro
delle Favole Rappresentative. Trans. and ed. Henry F Salerno.
New York: Limelight, 1996.
- Aphra Behn (England, 1640-89). Harlequin, Emperor on the
Moon.
- Queen Anne and her ladies as co-authors and performers in
Ben Jonson's The Masque of Blackness, 1605, and The Masque of
Queens, 1609.
- Francoise Biancolelli as Isabelle and Catherine Biancolelli
as Colombine, performed as part of the Comedie-Itlienne repertoire
of 1683-1691 in Paris. Recorded in Evaristo Gherardi's Le theatre
italien. Paris: Cusson et Witte, 1700.
-
- Painting and Sculpture
- Sir Peter Lely, portrait of Nell Gwynn (England, 1650-1687).
Online: <www.theatre.msu.edu/web/archives/Gwynn,%20Nell/gwynnn-full.html>
-
-
- SECONDARY RESOURCES
- Books and Articles
- On Italian court performances, musical performances and commedia
dell'arte performances by women:
Andrews, Richard. "Isabella Andreini and Others: Women on
Stage in the Late Cinquecento." Women in Italian Renaissance
Culture and Society. Ed. Letizia Panizza. Oxford: Legend of Oxford,
2000. 316-333.
- McGill, Kathleen. "Women and Performance: The Development
of Improvisation by the Sixteenth Century Commedia Dell'Arte."
Theatre Journal March 1991 Vol. 43 No. 1 59-69.
- Richards, Kenneth and Laura Richards. The Commedia dell'Arte:
A Documentary History. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991.
- Saslow, James. The Medici Wedding of 1589: Florentine Festival
as Theatrum Mundi. New Haven, Conn: Yale UP, 1996. Saslow specifically
details the work of the singer Vittoria Archilei and the work
of the actress Isabella Andreini.
- Scolnicov, Hanna. Women's Theatrical Space. Cambridge: Cambridge
UP, 1994.
- Tylus, Jane. "Women at the Windows: Commedia Dell'Arte
and Theatrical Practices in Early Modern Italy." Theatre
Journal 1997. 323-342.
- On Seventeenth Century Theater:
Carlson, Susan. "Aphra Behn's the Emperor of the Moon: Staging
Seventeenth-Century Farce for Twentieth-Century Tastes."
Essays in Theatre/ Etudes theatrales (1996) 14:2. 117-130.
- Clarke, Jan. "Women Theatre Professionals in 17th-Century
France." Women in European Theatre. Ed. Elizabeth Woodrough.
Europa (1995) 1:4. 23-31.
- Findlay, Alison, Gweno Williams, and Stephanie Hodgson-Wright.
Women and Dramatic Production 1550-1700. New York: Longman, 2000.
- Orgel, Stephen. "Jonson and the Amazons." Soliciting
Interpretation: Literary Theory and Seventeenth-Century English
Poetry. Ed. Elizabeth Harvey and Katherine Eisaman Maus, Chicago:
U of Chicago P 1990. 119-139.
- Scott, Virginia. "Les Filles Errantes: Emancipated Women
at the Comedie-Italienne, 1683-1691." Gender in Performancee:
The Presentation of Difference in the Performing Arts. Ed. Laurence
Senelick. Hanover: UP of New England, 1992. 101-116.
- Tomlinson, Sophie. "She That Plays the King: Henrietta
Maria and the Threat of the Actress in Caroline Culture."
The Politics of Tragicomedy: Shakespeare and After. Ed. Gordon
McMulland and Jonathan Hope. London: Routledge, 1992. 189-207.
-
- Film and Video
- Il Viaggio di Capitano Fraccasa (Italy). Director: Ettore
Scola.
- Women as actors in Molière (France, 1985). Director:
Ariane Mnouchkine. Available through Theatre du Soleil, Paris.
- Viola in Shakespeare in Love (United States/England, 1998).
Director: John Madden. With Gwyneth Paltrow, Judi Dench. Comedy
about an imaginary female actor who joins the Lord Chamberlain's
Men.
- The Marquise du Park in Marquise (France). Director: Vera
Belmont. With Sophie Marceau. Drama about the 17th Century actress
Marquise du Park.
-
-
-
- THE ARTIST:
SELF-PORTRAITS IN ART
-
- PRIMARY MATERIALS
- Painting and Sculpture
- Sofonisba Anguissola (active in north Italy and Spain, ca.
1532-1625). Self-Portrait, 1552 (Florence, Uffizi); Bernardino
Campi Painting Sofonisba Anguissola, late 1550s (Siena, Pinacoteca
Nazionale); Self-Portrait at the Clavichord, 1561 (Althorp, Earl
Spencer).
- Lavinia Fontana (active in Bologna and Rome, 1552-1614).
Self-Portrait, 1577, <www.csupomona.edu/~plin/women/fontana.html>.
- Properzia de' Rossi (active in Bologna, ca. 1490-1530). Self-Portrait
at the Spiniet accompanied by a Handmaiden, 1577 (Rome, Accademia
Nazionale di San Luca); Self-Portrait in a Studio, 1579 (Florence,
Uffizi).
- Artemisia Gentileschi (active in Rome, Florence, and other
Italian cities, 1593-1652/53). Self-Portrait as the Allegory
of Painting, 1630 (London, Kensington Palace).
- Judith Leyster (active in Haarlem, Utrecht, Amsterdam, 1609-60).
Self-Portrait, 1635 (Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art)
- Elisabetta Sirani (Italian, 1638-1665), Self Portrait , reproduction
available at < www.italian-art.org/women/artists/sirani/>.
-
-
- Poetry and Prose
- Giorgio Vasari (Italy, 1511-1574). The Lives of the Artists.
1550 and 1568.
-
-
- SECONDARY RESOURCES
- Books and Articles
- Bissell, R. Ward. Artemisia Gentileschi and the Authority
of Art: Critical Reading and Catalog Raisonné. University
Park, PA: Pennsylvania State UP, 1998.
- Bluestone, Natalie Harris. "The Female Gaze: Women's
Interpretations of the Life and Work of Properzia de' Rossi,
Renaissance Sculptor." Double Vision: Perspectives on Gender
in the Visual Arts. Ed. Natalie Harris Bluestone. Madison: Farleigh
Dickinson UP, 1995.